alone: suggests the objective fact of being by oneself with a slight notion of emotional involvement: happier when left ~ occasionally.


solitary: may indicate isolation as a chosen course: glorying in the calm of her ~ life; but more often it suggests sadness and a sense of loss: left ~ by the death of his wife.


lonely: adds a suggestion of longing for companionship: felt ~ and forsaken.


lonesome: heightens the suggestion of sadness and poignancy of separation: an only child sometimes leads a ~ life.   only child独生子/女，如I'm an only child我是独生子/女


lone: may replace lonely or lonesome but typically is as objective as alone: a ~ robin pecking at the lawn.


forlorn: stresses dejection, woe, and listlessness at separation from someone or something dear: a child lost and ~.


desolate: implies inconsolable grief at isolation caused by loss or bereavement : her brother's death now left her completely ~.   bereave使丧失亲友


alone: 表示客观事实仅有少量情感色彩，solitary: 可表示自愿独自一人，但更常表示悲哀落寞，lonely: 增加了渴望陪伴的意思，lonesome: 进一步提升了悲哀感伤色彩，lone: 可替换lonely或lonesome表示感情色彩，但通常像alone一样表示客观事实， forlorn: 强调和亲人分离的痛苦悲惨沮丧，desolate: 是丧失亲人的痛苦悲伤难以慰藉


记忆方法: 1) 首字母中LLL是三倍的lonely孤独，FADS是一时的流行<==孤独    fad一时的流行something that people are interested in for only a short time，如穿着、言行、网络话题

          2) 孤独的意思是独自一人无人陪伴mean isolated from others.首字母中LLL是三倍的lonely孤独，FADS是一时的流行<==孤独       (solitary和lone既可以不带感情色彩表示客观事实，也可以带感情色彩)